Timed analysis 2

0.01-0:02 A close up shot is used of a voicemail machine , All the objects that are in frame are the colour blue  which might link to Barthes' semantic code as blue is a colour we usually associate with loss or sadness. A voicemail machine might also symbolise the past as it just repeating messages which have already been sent, this might suggest that the artist wants to relive the past with their lover. 

0.03-0.08 - A medium long shot is used of the artist inserting a tape into this machine and the audio beginning, this is an example of synchronous sound and also an L cut is used 

0.09-0.11 The artist is shown in the same red setting from the previous music video for the song 'New York' but this time the artist is shown to be watching television.All the objects that are in frame are the colour red which might link to Barthes' semantic code as red is a colour we usually associate with lust or passion and this relates to the song as it comes from an album titled 'masseduction' seduction being another thing that we associate the colour red with.
0.12-0.14 A wide shot is used showing the artist in a  purple room with a paper shredder among  the shredding it has produced all with the word 'No' written on all the papers. This might link to the semantic and enigma code as the audience will want to know what the artist is saying no to and also the semantic code as purple is usually a colour we associate with poison or mystery and we will then wonder what the message is that is trying to be portrayed and what the artists motive is for this activity.
0.13-0.14 The same shot of the voicemail machine is used
0.14-0.16 A wide shot is used of the artist sitting in what appears to be a plastic surgeons studio covered in bandages everywhere apart from her lips which are shown to be wearing red lipstick which of course carries sexual connotations.
0.15-0.19 The artist is shown in the same red setting from the previous music video for the song 'New York' but this time the artist is shown to be watching television. However this time a pair of legs wearing heeled boots is shown to be emerging from the television screen. This might link to the male gaze theory as high heels and boots are objects we would stereotypically associate with women.
0.19-0.24 - The artist is once again shown in the plastic surgeons office via a medium long shot to be playing guitar and singing
0.24-0.30 Parellel editing iswid and sometimes resort to extremities including plastic surgery in order to look a certain way and be considered 'beautiful' by Western standards.
0.31-0.42 A wide shot is used to show the the artist in the plastic surgeon office however as the narrative pans out we see the artist surrounded by at least 6 others who look the same as her, by doing this the artist might be trying to portray that this pressure on women is a widespread issue and needs to addressed more in the media.
0.43-0.45 The artist is shown in the same red setting from the previous music video for the song 'New York' but this time the artist is shown to be watching television. However this time a pair of legs wearing heeled boots is shown to be emerging from the television screen. This might link to the male gaze theory as high heels and boots are objects we would stereotypically associate with women.
0.46-0.48 A close up shot is used of a voicemail machine , All the objects that are in frame are the colour blue  which might link to Barthes' semantic code as blue is a colour we usually associate with loss or sadness. A voicemail machine might also symbolise the past as it just repeating messages which have already been sent, this might suggest that the artist wants to relive the past with their lover.
0.48-0.52 A close up shot is used showing the artist having her skin stretched by a group of plastic surgeons some parallel editing is also used
0.58-1.04 A wide shot used to to cut between the scenes of the purple room with the paper shredder and the surgeons office. This links to the male gaze theory as women are pressured by the media to look a certain way
1.04-1.16 Parallel editing
1.17-1.20
 A close up  tracking shot is used of futuristic looking food on trays that appear to be on a conveyer belt
1.18-1.27 Parallel editing
1.28-1.34 Panning is used in order to show a group of women in a salon that is painted pink which is a stereotypically feminine colour
1.34-1.51 Parallel editing
1.52-1.57 A high angle shot is used in order to make the females appear as more vulnerable as the camera is looking down on them and they seem intimidated by it
2.00-2.03 A close up is used in order to show the artist singing and also to directly address the audience and portray the emotion behind the song
2.03-2.22 Another high angle shot is used however in this shot the characters are all dressed in blue
2.22-2.30 Parallel editing is used once again used and a wide shot is used to show the group of women who are all fairly young which might then link to Ann Gould's theory of young people identifying with artificial tribes
2.30-2.34  A close up shot is used showing the artist having her skin stretched by a group of plastic surgeons some parallel editing is also used
2.37 -2.53 Wide shots are used to show the artist directly addressing the audience and also to show her crying in the purple room from earlier within the music video this might then link with the stereotypes of women being emotional.
2.54-3.16 A close up shot is used in order to show the artist singing and also to directly address the audience and portray the emotion behind the song
3.16-3.19 A close up  tracking shot is used of futuristic looking food on trays that appear to be on a conveyer belt
3.19-3.24 A wide shot is used to show the the artist in the plastic surgeon office however as the narrative pans out we see the artist surrounded by at least 6 others who look the same as her, by doing this the artist might be trying to portray that this pressure on women is a widespread issue.
3.24-3.41 Parallel editing is used in order to show destruction of technology such as phones and printers/paper shredders, this might symbolise the destruction of a relationship.
3.41-3.46  the record company is credited for producing the music video

Key Findings

From this music video our group may be able to take influence from the use of camera angles such as long shots and  close ups in order to show the relationship between the two people that has broken down in our music video. However instead of using primary colours in our music video we have decided to use black and white and occasional use of colour as the music video we have been inspired uses black and white in order to add to the meaning of the song. Our group also plans on using numerous theoretical aspects such as the male gaze to show how women are represented within music videos and also Barthes enigma codes in order to portray pragmatic messages within our music video

Timed Analysis

0:11 A close up shot is used of the artist hands, appearing to be getting their nails done and smoking a cigarette. All the objects that are in frame are the colour red which might link to Barthes' semantic code as red is a colour we usually associate with lust or passion and this relates to the song as it comes from an album titled 'masseduction' seduction being another thing that we associate the colour red with 

0:15 Panning is then used in order to show the rear of who we assume to be a woman. This relates to the male gaze theory as the audience is seeing the female as an object of sexuality as their body is being shown off and this may have some sexual connotations 

0:20 - 0:27 A medium shot is then used to show the artist showing an umbrella and a vintage telephone that is shaped like lips, this phone is also red and would present the same connotations as the colour red has previously had in this music video.

0:30 - 0:39 This shot gradually zooms out until it becomes a medium long shot of the artist sitting outside what is presumed to be a florist as there is flowers all around her in a surreal type of utopian city, that is implied to be New York, like the title of the song, this also relates to the lyrics of the song as it is not the usual representation of New York as the artist through the lyrics says "New York isn't New York without you love, implying that New York feels different because her lover is no longer there with her.

0:41 - 0:45 - A close up shot is used of the artist who is now shown to be in a much darker setting and  wearing a different costume which might suggest that she feels empowered which is also reflected within the lyrics of the song 

0:46 - 0:48 An extreme close- up is then used to show a pair of boots playing a large keyboard on the floor and a high angle shot is used to perhaps show that this female is empowered as she is taking control of the pace of the video as the pace of the editing matches the pace of the song. 

0:48-0:52 A medium long shot is used to show the artist laying on a sofa in an all purple setting, this might relate to the semantic code as purple is usually a colour which we associate with royalty or femininity and this couch may represent a 'suburban throne' for this female who feels empowered once again linking back to the title of the song 'New York' which is a suburban setting. 

0:52-0:55 The same close up the red setting is reused

0:56-1:07 A medium long shot which eventually becomes a long shot of the artist is used showing the artist sitting upon a steel beam of a building that has been painted blue. This might be an example of intertextuality as there is some well known photographs  from the construction period of the Empire State Building, one of New York's most iconic landscapes and this may be a reference to that, but in the utopian city that we have seen previously in this video as everything is different in New York because of her lover not being there.

1:08- 1:12 A long shot is used to show the artist looking out the window and addressing the audience whilst smoking a cigarette, which may be an example of spectacle as it is as if the artist is singing directly to those who are viewing this video.

1:12-1:14 - the same panning shot is then reused from 0:15

1:15 - 1:42 - The artist is then through the use of a medium long shot to be singing on stage into a burning plant instead of a microphone, which would subvert audience expectations of the artist. We can also observe that the artist is on a yellow stage against the background of lips, which once again have the connotations of kissing, lust and passion. 

1:39 - 1:42 A wide shot is used in order to show the artist alongside some backup dancers who are all wearing colourful outfits which contrast the stage she is singing on. This shot may have been used in order to show one of the multiple locations that is used within this music video and also to show elements of a performance music video as the artist is shown to be performing this song to the audience.

1:42-1:57 - A tracking shot is then used to show the artist moving an object which resembles a die against an orange background. As the shot zooms out we see the same rear end shot that is used at 0:15, to be trapped within this object, this might represent how the artist feels that she wants to move on from this lover that left New York, however she is unable to and is left repeating the same action of moving this object around the same point (which might represent her relationship with this lover and how she is attempting to relive her past.
1:57 - 2:03  An iris shot is used in order to show the artist in what appears to be a tunnel with a neon sign around it, which is what the audience would expect to see in cities such as New York in the modern day, direct address is also used in order to add to the idea of spectacle.
2:05-2:08 A long shot is used in order to show the artist within a utopian style supermarket where once again direct address is used. This might also be seen as relatable as it shows the artist to be in an everyday situation that the audience has probably been is as well. However in the context of the music video this situation is exaggerated to fit the themes of the song.
2:08 - 2:17 Parallel editing is used to show the artist in the multiple locations that have previously been featured within this music video in supposed "New York" and throughout these different clips the artist is directly addressing their audience.
2:18-2:20 An extreme close up is used to show the artist directly addressing the audience
2:21-2:30 The parallel editing is repeated of all these different locations
2:31-2:32 An extreme close up is used to show the burning plant that was used previously in the video, this might represent the downfall of a relationship.
2:33-2:38  A high angle shot is used in order to show the artist with a disco ball, this might be another reference to stereotypical representations of New York as it is famous for its nightlife scene.
2:38-2:40 A wide shot is used to show the artist sitting upon the steel beam once again and reading the newspaper. Perhaps this suggests she is reading it to find out when her lover will return to New York as it is not the same without them there.
2:39- 2:53 Parallel and fast paced editing is used to once again show the multiple locations that have appeared throughout the narrative of the music video.
2:41-2:43 The wide shot of the artist in the window is shown again but this time she is closing the curtain on the window, this might symbolise that she has found closure on the loss of her lover and is moving on from the past.
2:47- 2:50 The shot of the boots is used once again to show the melody of the song being played on the keyboard that is on the floor
2:51-2:55 The artist is shown in the window with the curtain closed once again smoking a cigarette alone, implying that her lover never came back to New York and now everything about that place seems different to her now.
2:56- 3:01 The close up featuring the red objects is shown for the final time and the nails are shown to have been completed after the narrative of the video is unfolded, a second hand which is presumably a males enters the frame and moves the cigarette within the woman's hand. This might imply that her lover has returned to her as she is no longer represented as being alone like she is in the initial shots of the video.

Key Findings

From this music video our group may be able to take influence from the use of camera angles such as long shots and  close ups in order to show the relationship between the two people that has broken down in our music video. However instead of using primary colours in our music video we have decided to use black and white and occasional use of colour as the music video we have been inspired uses black and white in order to add to the meaning of the song. Our group also plans on using numerous theoretical aspects such as the male gaze to show how women are represented within music videos and also Barthes enigma codes in order to portray pragmatic messages within our music video. 

Focus group

1. Do you prefer the message of a music video to be clear or more ambiguous ?
2. Do you think that the use of black and white will add to or take away from the meaning of the song?
3.  Is it important to you that the lyrics within the song relate to the narrative of the video?
4. Would you prefer a romantic music video to be centred around the relationship or the loss of that relationship (a breakup)?
5. Do you prefer fast or slow paced videos?
6. which clip is more visually appealing to you? A or B 
7. What props do you think would best represent a breakup within a music video?
8. Would you prefer a music video to be from the perspective of one person or multiple? 
9. When you think of romance what is the first thing that comes to mind
10. What songs do you know of that are about romance? now what are the music videos like for these songs 
11. Do you find music videos about romance to be a realistic representation of real life? 
12. Can you provide an example of something you saw in a music video that particularly stood out to you?
13. What features in a music video do you consider to render it 'good'?

For our primary research we are going to be making a focus group with 6-8 people from the target audience that we would like our final music video to appeal to. In our focus group we will ask a questions on a variety of topics regarding audience and the style of music video that they would like to see.

However we did face some difficulties as  our focus group was slightly larger than expected and only a select few members of those involved actually participated in the discussion, therefore we did not receive the broadest range of answers since as expected some participants were more actively involved in the answering of questions than others.

Upon viewing the resultant footage of our focus group video we are able to find that our audience would prefer if our final music video was to be ambiguous and have an open ended narrative as those who we interviewed said that they would like to explore their own different interpretations of the video as they would feel like they could engage with the video and its narrative more as it feels more personal if they can apply their own perspective to it.

Those who we interviewed in our focus group also agreed that the use of black and white will add ambience to the video as they feel that it would make the video clearer as they will be able to distinguish which scenes are set in the past or present depending on whether they are in black and white or colour. This then relates to Barthes semantic code as the audience would have associated black and white with the past as music videos, when they first started to become popular would have been in black and white.

The audience also felt that it would be important for the lyrics of the song to relate to the narrative of the music video as they feel the lyrics relating to the narrative would add to the meaning of the song and is more likely to have a lasting impact on the audience as they will have both the visual and aural meanings from the video that are cohesive. The focus group also stated that they would prefer a romance music video to be slow paced as it would reflect the relationship blossoming and the connection between the two people growing, which they would prefer the music video to focus on over the breakup of the relationship.

Those who participated in our focus group listed some examples of props that they felt would symbolise romance these included

• Love Letters
• Photos of the couple together
• Roses
• Teddy Bears
• Places the couple have been together
• Text messages between the couple

This then relates to Barthes semantic code as the audience associate these items with romance and therefore we will include these props within our final music video so that it will conform to what the target audience considers to be genre conventions of a romantic music video.

Most of our audience expect to see lots of emotion within a romantic music video. Others mentioned the lyrics of the song being linked to emotion. Also, a storyline and happy ending was mentioned. Stereotypically, a romantic video would include two people falling in love and have a 'happily ever after'. However, in my groups video, we will include a storyline which shows a mixture of ups and downs within a relations and the emotions the characters are feeling shown, However we do would wish to subvert the stereotype of  a happy ending as the central theme of the song we have chosen for our music video is heartbreak.

Finally, the members of our focus group felt that the features of a music video that would render it to be good are a focus on emotion and the relationship growing between two people and if it was to be about a breakup to be about the happy times the couple had instead of it being about heartbreak. We also found that our audience are mainly female. This is very stereotypical as females tend to prefer romantic genres. In our music video, we will include young female characters within our video, which will help to sell our music video easier to the target audience. 

Textual Analysis

'Hey There Delilah' Textual Analysis from RebeccaIH

Music video textual analysis from ryangriffiths1999

Music video textual analysis 2 from ryangriffiths1999

Questionnaire and Questionnaire analysis

Link to questionnaire

https://surveyhero.com/c/e0c88fc

Audience Evaluation

From these results, our audience are mainly female. This is very stereotypical as females tend to prefer romantic genres. In our music video, we will include young female characters within our video, which will help to sell our music video easier to the target audience. 

Majority of our target audience were aged between 16-25, whilst the least were aged 45 or older. Due to our music video being aimed at such a young target audience, we will have to include characters of similar age to help the audience watching connect with them and sympathise. Also, many music videos nowadays include young actors as it's easier to attract the younger audience as they're more likely to watch and get involved with promoting the video.

In addition, most of our target audience prefer to listen to the pop genre, as well as some listening to rap and other music. This shows that nowadays, majority of youth listen to pop music as it is the most trendy and popular music genre. However, my groups music video is based on a more on an alternative rock/pop genre. Our song is called 'Hallelujah' by Jeff Buckley.

From these results above, it was a very close result of whether it is important to send a clear moral message in a music video. 18 people said yes whilst 17 said no. Therefore, we will include a very small moral message, which will be more based on not taking drugs. 

In contrast, original music videos use to just show the artist/ band performing, and no moral messages were given. However, today, many music videos include moral messages to engage the audience to watch it and spread awareness.

Most of our audience expect to see lots of emotion within a romantic genre music video. Others have mentioned slow music, which links well to emotion. Also, a storyline and happy ending was mentioned. Stereotypically, a romantic video would include two people falling in love and have a 'happily ever after'. However, in my groups video, we will include a storyline which is tense at times with lots of emotions shown throughout the video, as well as there not being a happy ending as the main narrative is about heartbreak.

Furthermore, most of our young target audience prefer a hybrid music video. A hybrid music video is when two or more different types of music videos are merged into one. This links well to my groups music video as we are creating a hybrid music video, which includes a narrative and performance. A narrative music video is where a story is being told to the audience. A performance however, includes a performance from the artist/band which could be live in front of an audience or in a studio.

36 out of the 42 people whom answered our survey said that they didn't feel uncomfortable with sexual themes being included in a music video. This will help our group with filming our video as there will be a little sexual scene included due to it being a romantic genre, but it will not be graphical therefore it is still suitable to watch.

Half of our respondents said that they don't mind if the music video is long or short. However, two-thirds mentioned that they prefer shorter music videos, which is because they would rather listen to the song rather than having different scenes in-between interfering with the song. Therefore, our group will film a shorter music video with a short introduction to keep our audience watching and interested.

In addition, most of our target audience rated a 3 for wanting to see a introduction, whilst others mainly rated either 1 star or 4. Therefore, my group will include an introduction at the beginning to give the audience an understanding of the storyline, as well as introducing them to characters and engage them to watch the music video.

In conclusion, my group and I intend to include young characters to help our young audience engage with the characters and sympathise with them, which will make the audience watching enjoy the music video. We will try our best to make the video look realistic as much as possible to make the audience believe what's happening (Barthes Enigma Theory). This links to Barthes Enigma Theory due to us using the Enigma, Symbolic and Action code to keep the audience question on what may happen next, making them want to watch more.

Also, an introduction will be included, but it will be a short one to make sure our target audience do not get bored of watching the video. Our story will focus on a variety of emotions as we will include flashbacks, as well as giving a dramatic storyline.